LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -For example, sharp teeth and the ability to hunt prey are advantages for carnivores. Of course, predation is its own kind of selective pressure-in other words, those very carnivores are a selective pressure for their prey.

Detailed explanation-2: -Predation, competition and disease are examples of selection pressures.

Detailed explanation-3: -Selective predation can lead to natural selection in prey populations and may alleviate competition among surviving individuals. The processes of selection and competition can have substantial effects on prey population dynamics, but are rarely studied simultaneously.

Detailed explanation-4: -Our study shows that invasive predators can pose selective pressures stronger than environmental gradients, driving rapid adaptive shifts in native species and obscuring pre-existing variation among populations exposed to divergent ecological pressures.

Detailed explanation-5: -Contributions highlight the diversity of human-induced selection pressures ranging from fisheries, trophy-hunting, poaching and domestication to climate change, and pollution.