LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The thickness of the shell is determined by the amount of time it spends in the shell gland (uterus) and the rate of calcium deposition during shell formation. If the egg spends a short period in the shell gland, the thickness will be less.

Detailed explanation-2: -The results support our hypothesis that eggshell thinning in avian wildlife can result from a structural and functional malformation in the shell gland, induced by xeno-oestrogen exposure during embryonic development.

Detailed explanation-3: -Early Production – Hens that begin egg production before you get them on a good layer diet can rapidly deplete their bone reserves of calcium. High Temperature – Temperature over 32°C stresses the hens and reduces shell strength. Vitamin D3 Deficiency – Hens need a commercial source of vitamin D3 in the feed.

Detailed explanation-4: -High concentrations of DDT through biomagnification disturb calcium metabolism in birds, which causes thinning of eggshell and their premature breaking, eventually causing decline in bird populations.