LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The process by which a farmer can breed cows that produce the most milk is called artificial selection, which is also known as selective breeding. This term is defined as the process of breeding certain animals and plants to produce an offspring with a desirable or useful trait. Therefore, the answer is D.

Detailed explanation-2: -Breeding pigeons was a popular hobby in England in Darwin’s time. By selecting which pigeons were allowed to mate, people had a profound effect on their appearance, such as the shape and size of their beaks and the color of their feathers. Dog breeding is another prime example of artificial selection.

Detailed explanation-3: -The methods of artificial selection are inbreeding (mating close relatives), line breeding (mating distant relatives) and outcrossing (mating unrelated individuals).

Detailed explanation-4: -Methods of selection discussed include (1) individual selection (also called mass selection), (2) family selection, (3) sib selection, (4) progeny testing, (5) within-family selection, (6) pedigree selection, and (7) combined selection.