LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Along with Charles Lyell, James Hutton developed the concept of uniformitarianism. He believed Earth’s landscapes like mountains and oceans formed over long period of time through gradual processes. Have you seen a news clip or a video showing a volcano erupting, or an earthquake shaking a city?

Detailed explanation-2: -Lyell argued that the formation of Earth’s crust took place through countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural laws. His “uniformitarian” proposal was that the forces molding the planet today have operated continuously throughout its history.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lyell was fundamental in establishing the popularity and credibility of geology as a science in the nineteenth century. He was the author of the book ‘Principles of Geology’, which was published in three volumes between 1830 and 1833 (and multiple revised editions thereafter).

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: Charles Lyell influenced Darwin’s theory of natural selection by providing geological and fossil evidence to support Darwin’s theory. The two became acquainted after Darwin returned from his voyage aboard the HMS Beagle where Darwin served as the ship’s naturalist.

Detailed explanation-5: -Concluding that Earth is ancient (Lyell’s estimate was several hundred million years old, as compared to the currently accepted age of 4.6 billion years) directly contradicted the book of Genesis.