LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Recombinant DNA technology is the artificial recombination of DNA from two organisms. In this example, the human insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid. This recombinant plasmid can then be used to transform bacteria, which gain the ability to produce the insulin protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -The plasmid-cell mixture then is briefly heated to 45–50°C, allowing the DNA to enter the cell through the disrupted membrane. The heated mixture is then placed back on ice to retain the plasmids inside the bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -The plasmid is introduced into bacteria via a process called transformation, and bacteria carrying the plasmid are selected using antibiotics. Bacteria with the correct plasmid are used to make more plasmid DNA or, in some cases, induced to express the gene and make protein.