LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-2: -The nucleotide sequence of a gene, through the medium of mRNA, is translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein by rules that are known as the genetic code. This code was deciphered in the early 1960s. The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule is read consecutively in groups of three.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transcription. Transcription is the process by which an mRNA template, encoding the sequence of the protein in the form of a trinucleotide code, is transcribed from DNA to provide a template for translation through the help of the enzyme, RNA polymerase.

Detailed explanation-4: -During translation, which is the second major step in gene expression, the mRNA is “read” according to the genetic code, which relates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins (Figure 2).