LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation follows glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+. Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid (lactate) and NAD+. The NAD+ cycles back to allow glycolysis to continue so more ATP is made.

Detailed explanation-2: -During glycolysis, glucose is metabolized into two molecules of pyruvate. Aside from pyruvate, glycolysis also gives rise to two molecules of NADH, which is the reduced form of NAD. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate then undergoes fermentation in order for the cell to synthesize ATP.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that’s performed by many types of organisms and cells. In fermentation, the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end.