OBJECTIVE LIFE SCIENCE
SIGNALLING IMMUNOLOGY CANCER
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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CTL and Target cell
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Macrophage and T-Cell
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B-Cell and T-Cell
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Any APC to T-Cell
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Detailed explanation-1: -1. During immune-mediated clearance of virally infected cells from the brain, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) form immunological synapses with virally infected cells (8). In these CTLs, IFN- is polarized toward the antigenic target cell (9).
Detailed explanation-2: -The immunological synapse (IS) is a stable cell–cell junction between a thymus-derived lymphocyte (T cell) and an antigen-presenting cell (APC). The IS concept provides a number of insights into the T cell activation process. Firstly, it provides a stop signal that coordinates antigen recognition and T cell migration.
Detailed explanation-3: -CTLs are activated by type I NKT cells via cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IFN-, and TNF-) and costimulatory molecules (CD40L and CD28). In contrast, increased expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4) and other costimulatory molecules (CTLA-4 and PD-L) inhibits CTL production or activation.