MCQ IN MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -Pathogen transmission can involve direct or indirect pathways. Direct transmission occurs via contacts between infectious and susceptible conspecifics. Indirect transmission occurs when susceptible hosts are exposed to the pathogen in the environment via free-living pathogens or other infected host species.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of direct contact are touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with oral secretions, or contact with body lesions. Indirect contact infections spread when an infected person sneezes or coughs, sending infectious droplets into the air.

Detailed explanation-3: -In direct transmission, an infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread. Direct contact occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse. Direct contact also refers to contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious organisms.

Detailed explanation-4: -Communicable (also known as infectious or transmissible) diseases are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.