MCQ IN MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -A very common pathogenic protist found in the United States is the Apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii, which causes the disease toxoplasmosis.

Detailed explanation-2: -A small number of protists are serious pathogenic parasites that must infect other organisms to survive and propagate. For example, protist parasites include the causative agents of malaria, African sleeping sickness, amoebic encephalitis, and waterborne gastroenteritis in humans.

Detailed explanation-3: -While most bacteria are spheroidal or rod-shaped, spirochetes are extremely long and thin-they look like tiny worms. Because of their wormy shape, the spirochete cell membrane is highly curved in one direction (perpendicular to the cell axis) but nearly flat in the other (parallel to the cell axis).

Detailed explanation-4: -Parasitic protists cause some of the most well-known human and animal diseases such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, amoebic meningitis, sleeping sickness, leishmaniosis, and diarrheal illness of protozoan origin (e.g., amoebiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis) [1].