MCQ IN MEDICINE

Detailed explanation-1: -Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In this disorder, your immune system attacks the myelin sheath or the cells that produce and maintain it. This attack causes inflammation and injury to the nerve sheath and ultimately to the nerve fibers that it surrounds.

Detailed explanation-2: -Multiple sclerosis is caused by inflammation in the central nervous system, comprised of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. This inflammation causes damage to nerve cells and results in demyelination-the destruction and loss of the myelin sheath, the protective coating around nerve fibers.

Detailed explanation-3: -During an MS attack, the immune system triggers inflammation along the nerves and at the glial cells. Oligodendrocytes are damaged, and myelin is damaged and stripped away from the axon. This process is called demyelination. Messages that pass along a demyelinated nerve become delayed or blocked.

Detailed explanation-4: -It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells. If myelin is damaged, these impulses slow down. This can cause diseases such as multiple sclerosis.