MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Blood volume is determined by the amount of water and sodium ingested, excreted by the kidneys into the urine, and lost through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs and skin.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sodium and water balance are independently regulated by mechanisms that are designed to maintain circulatory integrity and plasma osmolality, respectively. Sodium balance is regulated by changes in sodium intake and excretion, whereas plasma osmolality is regulated by changes in water intake and water excretion.

Detailed explanation-3: -The major routes of water loss are urine, feces, sweat and insensible water loss by evaporation from the respiratory tract and diffusion through the skin [1].