MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The formula used to calculate cardiac output is given as CO = HR × SV. SV-Stroke volume-the amount of blood circulated by the heart with each beat.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cardiac output is the product of two variables, stroke volume and heart beat. Heartbeat is simply a count of the number of times a heart beats per minute. Stroke volume is the amount of blood circulated by the heart with each beat. The formula for this is expressed as CO = SV x HR.

Detailed explanation-3: -The cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle, and normally it is equal to the venous return. The calculation is CO = stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR). CO also equals the rate of oxygen consumption divided by the difference in arterial and venous oxygen content.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fick’s principle illustrates this notion and can be used to calculate cardiac output based on oxygen exchange through a capillary bed. In equation form: CO = VO2/ (a – v O2 difference) where VO2 represents oxygen use by tissue and a-V O2 is the difference in oxygen content of arterial and venous blood.