MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cardiac output is the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) and is measured in liters per minute. HR is most commonly defined as the number of times the heart beats in one minute. SV is the volume of blood ejected during ventricular contraction or for each stroke of the heart.

Detailed explanation-2: -We can use this simple calculation to figure out cardiac output: Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume * Heart Rate, which is written CO = SV * HR. Remember, there are two variables that are used to determine the cardiac output. Those are the stroke volume and heart rate.

Detailed explanation-3: -The equation for cardiac output is: HR x SV = Q.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each cardiac cycle. It can be readily calculated by subtracting the end-systolic volume from the end-diastolic volume. Multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate yields the cardiac output, typically reported in liters per minute.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cardiac output CO is the product of the HR (i.e., the number of heart beats per minute-bpm), and the SV (i.e., the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat); thus CO=HR × SV (L/min).