MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The dermal blood vessels would become constricted, the sweat glands would become inactive, and the skeletal muscles would contract involuntarily. These responses all prevent the body from becoming hypothermic.

Detailed explanation-2: -Humans exhibit two major physiological responses to cold exposure. Peripheral vasoconstriction limits heat loss. Shivering, physical activity, or both increase heat production.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cutaneous vasoconstriction is the most important mechanism used by the body to reduce heat loss. Thus body heat is distributed with the peripheral temperature 2°C to 4°C cooler than the core. Sustained shivering, another compensatory mechanism, has been shown to increase heat production by 50% to 100% in adults.

Detailed explanation-4: -Vasoconstriction and vasodilation In endotherms, warm blood from the body’s core typically loses heat to the environment as it passes near the skin. Shrinking the diameter of blood vessels that supply the skin, a process known as vasoconstriction, reduces blood flow and helps retain heat.