MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -As a rule, the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters occurs within presynaptic terminals (Figure 6.6B). The enzymes needed for transmitter synthesis are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported to the nerve terminal cytoplasm at 0.5–5 millimeters a day by a mechanism called slow axonal transport.

Detailed explanation-2: -Neurotransmitters are endogenous-produced inside the neuron itself. When a cell is activated, these neurochemicals are released into the synapse from specialized pouches clustered near the cell membrane called synaptic vesicles.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mitochondria and neurotransmitter synthesis and storage The synthesis and packaging of some key neurotransmitters significantly rely on mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-4: -Peptide neurotransmitters such as enkephalin, dynorphin, cholecystokinin, and substance P are produced by the cleavage of much larger protein precursors primarily in the cell body of the neuron near its nucleus.

Detailed explanation-5: -Proteins that are destined to be associated with membrane structures, such as neurotransmitter vesicles or the plasmalemma, are synthesized on ribosomes within the endoplasmic reticulum.