MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Airflow limitation during the expiratory phase in airway obstructive disease causes prolonged expiration, which is one of the hallmarks of COPD.

Detailed explanation-2: -(Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis; Emphysema) Symptoms are productive cough and dyspnea that develop over years; common signs include decreased breath sounds, prolonged expiratory phase of respiration, and wheezing.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the early stages of the disease, the physical examination may be normal. Patients with emphysema are typically referred to as “pink puffers, ‘’ meaning cachectic and non-cyanotic.