PHYSIOLOGY
SYNAPTIC PHYSIOLOGY
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Synthesis of ATP
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Metabolism of ATP
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Synthesis of Proteins
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Metabolism of Worn out Proteins
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Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria are the major site of oxidative metabolism, and hence ATP synthesis, in eukaryotic cells. Thus, whereas the glycolytic metabolism of glucose generates 2 ATP molecules, 36–38 are generated by the reactions of the citrate cycle and the oxidation of the resulting NADH and FADH2 by the respiratory chain [1].
Detailed explanation-2: -During everyday activities and light exercise, the mitochondria of muscle fibers produce ATP in a process called aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen to break down food energy (usually glucose and fat) to generate ATP for muscle contractions.
Detailed explanation-3: -The classic role of mitochondria is oxidative phosphorylation, which generates ATP by utilizing the energy released during the oxidation of the food we eat. ATP is used in turn as the primary energy source for most biochemical and physiological processes, such as growth, movement and homeostasis.
Detailed explanation-4: -During strenuous exercise, the rate of energy use in skeletal muscles can increase by more than 100-fold almost instantly. To meet this energy demand, muscle cells contain mitochondria. These organelles, commonly referred to as the cell’s “power plants, ‘’ convert nutrients into the molecule ATP, which stores energy.
Detailed explanation-5: -Three energy systems function to replenish ATP in muscle: (1) Phosphagen, (2) Glycolytic, and (3) Mitochondrial Respiration. The three systems differ in the substrates used, products, maximal rate of ATP regeneration, capacity of ATP regeneration, and their associated contributions to fatigue.