MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -At the heart of the kinetochore is a specialized nucleosome that contains centromere protein (CENP)-A, a histone H3 homologue. Several inner kinetochore components (cyan and purple ovals) associate with kinetochores throughout the cell cycle.

Detailed explanation-2: -The centromeric histone H3 variant CENP-A and closely associated conserved CENP-C protein are present at centromeres throughout the cell cycle and provide a foundation for kinetochore assembly.

Detailed explanation-3: -The core centromere is occupied by specialized Cnp-1 (CENP-A homolog) containing nucleosomes and kinetochore proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -Kinetochores are proteins associated with the centromere of chromatids. Centromeres are where chromatids attach and form a chromosome. The inner kinetochore works with the centromere DNA. The outer kinetochore works with the microtubules attached to the spindle poles.

Detailed explanation-5: -According to this study, there are still about one hundred unknown kinetochore proteins, doubling the known structure during mitosis, which confirms the kinetochore as one of the most complex cellular substructures.