MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Two mechanisms have evolved to transmit nerve signals. First, within cells, electrical signals are conveyed along the cell membrane. Second, for communication between cells, the electrical signals generally are converted into chemical signals conveyed by small messenger molecules called neurotransmitters.

Detailed explanation-2: -Neurons communicate with each other via electrical events called ‘action potentials’ and chemical neurotransmitters. At the junction between two neurons (synapse), an action potential causes neuron A to release a chemical neurotransmitter.

Detailed explanation-3: -Action potentials are electrical signals carried along neurons. Synapses are chemical or electrical junctions that allow electrical signals to pass from neurons to other cells. Electrical signals in muscles cause contraction and movement.

Detailed explanation-4: -Axon – The long, thin structure in which action potentials are generated; the transmitting part of the neuron.