MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An axon is a long single fiber that transmits messages from the cell body to the dendrites of other neurons or to other body tissues, such as muscles. A protective covering called the myelin sheath, covers most neurons. Myelin insulates the axon and helps nerve signals travel faster and farther.

Detailed explanation-2: -Interneurons. Interneurons, which are found only in the CNS, connect one neuron to another. They receive information from other neurons (either sensory neurons or interneurons) and transmit information to other neurons (either motor neurons or interneurons).

Detailed explanation-3: -Terminal Buttons and Synapses Terminal buttons are found at the end of the axon, below the myelin sheath, and are responsible for sending the signal on to other neurons.

Detailed explanation-4: -The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. The axon is covered by a myelin sheath which acts as an insulated covering and speeds up impulse conduction. The axon ends in short sending branches called terminal branches that send messages to other neurons.

Detailed explanation-5: -For example, in a neuromuscular junction, the axon terminal releases neurotransmitters to relay nerve impulses from the neuron to the target cell, which may be another neuron, a muscle cell, or a gland cell.