MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere. During cell division, spindle fibers attach to the centromere and pull each of the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -The attachment between sister chromatids is tightest at the centromere, a region of DNA that is important for their separation during later stages of cell division. As long as the sister chromatids are connected at the centromere, they are still considered to be one chromosome.

Detailed explanation-3: -A sister chromatid refers to the identical copies (chromatids) formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere. In other words, a sister chromatid may also be said to be ‘one-half’ of the duplicated chromosome. A pair of sister chromatids is called a dyad.

Detailed explanation-4: -In this diagram of a duplicated chromosome, (2) identifies the centromere-the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome.

Detailed explanation-5: -Functions of Sister Chromatids The primary function of sister chromatids is to pass on a complete set of chromosomes to all the daughter cells formed as a result of cell division. During mitosis, they are attached to each other through the centromere – a stretch of DNA that forms protein complexes.