MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During most of the luteal phase, the estrogen level is high. Estrogen also stimulates the endometrium to thicken.

Detailed explanation-2: -Progesterone. This hormone is produced by the ovaries and by the placenta during pregnancy. Progesterone stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining in anticipation of implantation of a fertilized egg.

Detailed explanation-3: -During the second phase of the menstrual cycle, the effects of progesterone result in the proliferation of the endothelial lining in the endometrium, resulting in a thickened endometrial wall. The result is an increased thickness and surface area of the endometrium in which implantation can occur.

Detailed explanation-4: -What is the corpus luteum made of? There are two main types of cells in your corpus luteum: follicular theca cells and follicular granulosa cells. Both kinds of cells can be found in the follicles in the ovaries. A hormone called human chorionic gonadotrophic (HCG) spurs these cells to make progesterone.

Detailed explanation-5: -Progesterone is the predominant sex hormone in the second half of the cycle and makes the thickened endometrium favorable for implantation of the embryo (the fertilized ovum). The progesterone signals the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to suppress FSH and LH production, ensuring that no more follicles mature.