NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ingrowths of the arthropod exoskeleton known as apodemes serve as attachment sites for muscles. These structures are composed of chitin and are approximately six times stronger and twice the stiffness of vertebrate tendons.

Detailed explanation-2: -The exoskeleton has four major layers: the outermost epicuticle, the exocuticle, the endocuticle, and the inner membranous layer. These layers are composed of various combinations of lipids, chitin (a carbohydrate polymer), protein, and calcium salts.

Detailed explanation-3: -In addition, the arthropods have developed a hard, protective exoskeleton (outer shell). Chitin (pronounced KY-tin) is the main component in arthropod exoskeletons. Some groups, such as crabs and barnacles, secrete calcium carbonate into the exoskeleton, making it thick and hard.

Detailed explanation-4: -An exoskeleton, as the name suggests, is an external frame that can be worn to support the body, either to help a person overcome an injury or to enhance their biological capacities. Powered by a system of electric motors, the frame gives limbs extra movement, strength and endurance.