NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The spores germinate into a tiny green thread, which looks like a simple strand of green algae. This similarity is one more clue that bryophytes are descended from green algae. This early threadlike stage is called the protonema. The new adult gametophytes grow from a tiny bud that develops on the protonema.

Detailed explanation-2: -Moss spores germinate to form an alga-like filamentous structure called the protonema. It represents the juvenile gametophyte. While the protonema is growing by apical cell division, at some stage, under the influence of the phytohormone cytokinin, buds are induced which grow by three-faced apical cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -A bryophyte spore germinates and produces an often algal-like mat, called a protonema (plural protonemata) and the leafy or thalloid stage of the gametophyte develops from the protonemal stage.

Detailed explanation-4: -bryophytes. The protonema, which grows directly from the germinating spore, is in most mosses an extensive, branched system of multicellular filaments that are rich in chlorophyll. This stage initiates the accumulation of hormones that influence the further growth of newly formed cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -The predominant stage of the life cycle of a moss (bryophyte) is the gametophyte which consists of two stages. The first stage is the protonema stage, which develops directly from a spore.