NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In seedless vascular plants, such as ferns and horsetails, the plants reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vascular plants without seeds reproduce by the use of unicellular, haploid spores. Gametophytes are the development of plants that produce gametes. Sporophytes are the plant generation that produces spores. A haploid gametophyte phase follows a diploid sporophyte phase in the life cycle of seedless vascular plants.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reproduction by Spores Ferns and horsetails have two free-living generations: a diploid sporophyte generation (spore-producing plant) and. a haploid gametophyte generation (gamete-producing plant).

Detailed explanation-4: -Unlike some other non-flowering vascular plants, ferns produce one type of spore (homosporous) via meiosis in the sac-like sporangia.

Detailed explanation-5: -The ferns do not produce seeds, wood or flowers. The reproduce using spores and are pollinated and dispersed by wind.