NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are seedless vascular plants that reproduce with spores and are found in moist environments.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ferns are considered the most advanced seedless vascular plants and display characteristics commonly observed in seed plants. Ferns form large leaves and branching roots. In contrast, whisk ferns, the psilophytes, lack both roots and leaves, which were probably lost by evolutionary reduction.

Detailed explanation-3: -Modern-day seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and whisk ferns.

Detailed explanation-4: -The clubmosses and their relatives are the most ancient group of vascular plants-plants with specialized tissue called xylem that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. The only plant groups with earlier origins are non-vascular, such as green algae, mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

Detailed explanation-5: -The seedless vascular plants include club mosses, which are the most primitive; whisk ferns, which lost leaves and roots by reductive evolution; and horsetails and ferns. Ferns are the most advanced group of seedless vascular plants.