NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In conifers, the male and female sporangia are produced on separate structures called cones or strobili. Individual trees are typically monoecious (male and female cones are borne on the same tree).

Detailed explanation-2: -Most conifers are monoecious, the male and female cones are produced in distinct parts of the plant.

Detailed explanation-3: -Animal-dispersed gymnosperms are usually dioecious and wind-dispersed gymnosperms are usually monoecious. This correlation between breeding system and dispersal syndrome confers a disproportionate advantage in seed dispersal for plants with exceptionally large seed crops.

Detailed explanation-4: -About 65% of gymnosperms are dioecious, but conifers are almost all monoecious. Some genera have mycorrhiza, fungal associations with roots (Pinus), while in some others (Cycas) small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

Detailed explanation-5: -Male and female cones are separate and, in most cases, both are present on the same tree. The male cone bears two pollen sacs on the lower surface of each scale.