NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Seedless vascular plants reproduce through unicellular, haploid spores instead of seeds; the lightweight spores allow for easy dispersion in the wind. Seedless vascular plants require water for sperm motility during reproduction and, thus, are often found in moist environments.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vascular plants like ferns and horsetails don’t have seeds, they reproduce with spores! These plants have two stages, the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage. The sporophyte stage is what you are probably most familiar with. This is when the fern has fronds with spores on the underside.

Detailed explanation-3: -In seedless vascular plants such as ferns, the sporophyte releases spores from the undersides of leaves. The spores develop into tiny, separate gametophytes, from which the next generation of sporophyte plants grows.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ferns and mosses are alike in one way. Both reproduce by spores instead of seeds.

Detailed explanation-5: -Numerous seedless plants reproduce asexually through the vegetative, budding, cutting, fragmentation, layering, and micropropagation methods.