NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lichens can survive in some of the most barren and severe regions of the world. They tolerate extreme cold and dry conditions through dormancy and the ability to recover quickly when conditions are favorable. Although lichens can grow in regions with more rainfall, they actually require little rainfall to survive.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lichens have the ability to simply go dormant when conditions are too severe, and the filaments of the fungi will protect the organism until conditions are better. In cold climates, lichens are able to photosynthesize even when frozen, obtaining water from snow and the saturated air.

Detailed explanation-3: -Trees, rocks, soil, houses, tombstones, cars, old farm equipment and more can be substrates. The most common natural substrates are trees, rocks, and soil. Rocks are a natural substrate for lichens, as well as moss and ferns.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lichens have adaptations that enable them to survive in Antarctica. They are able to exhibit net photosynthesis while frozen at temperatures as low as −20 °C. They can absorb water from a saturated atmosphere when covered by snow. Snow cover provides protection from the elements.

Detailed explanation-5: -Unlike trees and flowers that get their nutrients from the soil and rain, lichens get the food they need to survive directly from the air. Because lichen rely on the atmosphere for all of their nutrients, they can grow almost anywhere.