NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A diploid cell has two complete sets of chromosomes. Most cells in humans are diploid, comprising 23 chromosome pairs, so 46 chromosomes in total. This is 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes. One copy of each chromosome pair came from the individual’s mother and the other from the individual’s father.

Detailed explanation-2: -Most animals and plants are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes; in each somatic cell (the nonreproductive cells of a multicellular organism), the nucleus contains two copies of each chromosome that are referred to as homologous chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Meiosis begins with a parent cell that is diploid, meaning it has two copies of each chromosome. The parent cell undergoes one round of DNA replication followed by two separate cycles of nuclear division.

Detailed explanation-4: -A chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division. The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere.

Detailed explanation-5: -Diploid describes a cell that contain two copies of each chromosome. Nearly all the cells in the human body carry two homologous, or similar, copies of each chromosome. The only exception is cells in the germ line, which go on to produce gametes, or egg and sperm cells.