NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Autotrophs are known as producers because they are able to make their own food from raw materials and energy. Examples include plants, algae, and some types of bacteria. Heterotrophs are known as consumers because they consume producers or other consumers. Dogs, birds, fish, and humans are all examples of heterotrophs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Some varieties of bacteria use light to create their own food, just like organisms that use photosynthesis. However, these bacteria are not autotrophs, because they must rely on chemicals besides carbon dioxide for carbon. These strange bacteria are called photoheterotrophs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bacteria, moulds, and yeasts that require organic carbon for growth are known as heterotrophs. Most bacteria, including many of the bacteria associated with drinking water systems, are heterotrophs.

Detailed explanation-4: -Heterotrophs cannot make their own food, so they must eat or absorb it. For this reason, heterotrophs are also known as consumers. Consumers include all animals and fungi and many protists and bacteria. They may consume autotrophs or other heterotrophs or organic molecules from other organisms.

Detailed explanation-5: -Bacteria can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic. Autotrophic bacteria such as Cyanobacteria and Rhodospirillum contain pigment-containing vesicles called ‘chromatophores’. These vesicles contain carotenoids and bacteriochlorophyll that help in photosynthesis.