NEET BIOLOGY

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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

KINGDOM MONERA

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
The layer outside the cell wall in certain types of bacteria. Most bacteria have a slime layer that completely covers the cell wall. If this mucus layer is thick enough, it is called a capsule. Function of the capsule for ____
A
Protects cells against environmental factors (drought)
B
Provides protection against protoplasm
C
As a defense for bacteria to survive in their environment
D
Selective transport of food materials.
E
Expression sites for hydrolytic exoenzymes.
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Slime layer and capsule, together summarised as glycocalyx, are extracellular materials secreted by some bacterial cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Many bacteria are surrounded by an extracellular layer, the bacterial capsule. This compartment is a gel-like highly hydrated mesh mostly formed by polysaccharides (capsular polysaccharide = CPS). It covers the underlying cell wall components and is at least physically connected with it.

Detailed explanation-3: -Functions of Slime Layer The slime layer’s job is to protect bacteria cells from environmental threats including antibiotics and desiccation. Bacteria can adhere to smooth surfaces like prosthetic implants and catheters, as well as other smooth surfaces like Petri dishes, due to the slime layer.

Detailed explanation-4: -Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like peptidoglycan layer outside the plasma membrane, the rigid cell wall (murein sacculus) characteristic of most bacteria (domain Bacteria).

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