NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The main role of bacteria in carbon cycle involves breakdown of organic compounds. Some cyanobacteria are involved in photosynthesis too, but photosynthesis is primarily carried out by plants. And some proteobacteria are chemoautotrophs, that synthesize organic compounds from basic elemental carbon.

Detailed explanation-2: -The bacteria in our bodies help degrade the food we eat, help make nutrients available to us and neutralize toxins, to name a few examples[7]; [8]. Also, they play an essential role in the defense against infections by protecting colonized surfaces from invading pathogens[8]; [9].

Detailed explanation-3: -Explanation: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which can be absorbed by plants. This process is called biological nitrogen fixation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Microbes are critical in the process of breaking down and transforming dead organic material into forms that can be reused by other organisms. This is why the microbial enzyme systems involved are viewed as key ‘engines’ that drive the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles.

Detailed explanation-5: -Examples of the bacteria include Bacteroides succinogenes, Clostridium butyricum, and Syntrophomonas sp. This bacterial collaboration, which is termed interspecies hydrogen transfer, is responsible for the bulk of the carbon dioxide and methane that is released to the atmosphere.