NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Transduction is the process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another. Viruses called bacteriophages are able to infect bacterial cells and use them as hosts to make more viruses.

Detailed explanation-2: -It is the process by which phages can package any bacterial DNA (chromosomal or plasmid) and transfer it to another bacterium. The transducing particles of this mode of transduction form when bacterial host DNA is packaged into phage heads instead of viral DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bacteriophages mediate horizontal gene transfer through a mechanism known as transduction. Phage transduction carried out in the laboratory involves a bacterial donor and a recipient, both of which are susceptible to infection by the phage of interest.

Detailed explanation-4: -Generalized transduction is used to study linkage information, gene mapping, comparing genomes of two different bacteria, mutagenesis, etc. Example of generalized transduction includes E. coli transduction by P1 phage.

Detailed explanation-5: -In transformation, a bacterium takes up a piece of DNA floating in its environment. In transduction, DNA is accidentally moved from one bacterium to another by a virus. In conjugation, DNA is transferred between bacteria through a tube between cells.