NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ciliates are present in wastewater treatment processes in terms of large numbers of individuals and species. Even though some ciliates are carnivorous or omnivorous, most of these microorganisms feed upon dispersed bacteria populations.

Detailed explanation-2: -In summary, the presence of ciliates associated to the floc-crawling and sessile ciliates-increases the efficiency of particle aggregation, which is essential for the good performance of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant.

Detailed explanation-3: -Furthermore, anaerobic bacteria are an important element in the wastewater treatment processes. They are responsible for methane fermentation of sewage sludge, facilitating decomposition of macromolecular organic matter into simpler compounds.

Detailed explanation-4: -Food is digested in the vacuole after the food enters the cell. The vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle. Waste products are excreted using a process called exocytosis. Most protozoa are free-living in soil and water and enter the activated sludge process through inflow and infiltration.

Detailed explanation-5: -Treatment. Crawling Ciliates help to condense the floc by eating loosely attached bacteria around the floc edges. They are indicators of a healthy activated sludge; no treatment is necessary.