NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A Combination of Extreme Environmental Conditions Favor the Prevalence of Endospore-Forming Firmicutes. Environmental conditions unsuitable for microbial growth are the rule rather than the exception in most habitats.

Detailed explanation-2: -Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients; it is a stripped-down, dormant form to which the bacterium can reduce itself. The endospore consists of the bacterium’s deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribosomes, and large amounts of dipicolinic acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Endospores are resistant to the chemical agents, e.g., triphenylmethane dyes, and can even protect the bacterial cells against ultraviolet radiation, extreme pH gradients, drought, and nutrition depletion.

Detailed explanation-4: -Winds carry the spores to new spots where they can survive for long periods of time before germinating and sprouting fungal filaments of their own. Some bacteria produce a special type of spore called an endospore, which can withstand such extremes as boiling and freezing temperatures, and ultraviolet radiation.