NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Extremophiles include members of all three domains of life, i.e., bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. Most extremophiles are microorganisms (and a high proportion of these are archaea), but this group also includes eukaryotes such as protists (e.g., algae, fungi and protozoa) and multicellular organisms.

Detailed explanation-2: -Extremophiles are unicellular microbes (bacteria and archaea) that thrive in extreme environments. Many of these belong to archaea, which are considered to be an ancient bridge between bacteria and eukarya.

Detailed explanation-3: -The types of extremophiles are: Thermophiles, which are adapted to living in very hot environments from 40o C-110o C. An example is the Pompeii worm, an invertebrate found in deep-sea vents found on the seafloor. Psychrophiles, which are archaeans and bacteria that live in very cold environments from 0o C-20o C.

Detailed explanation-4: -Solution : The domain Archaea includes single celled organisms, the prokaryotes which have the ability to grow in extreme conditions like volcano vents, hot springs and polar ice caps, hence are also called extremophiles.

Detailed explanation-5: -Examples include Ferroplasma sp., Cupriavidus metallidurans and GFAJ-1. An organism with optimal growth in nutritionally limited environments. An organism with optimal growth in environments with a high sugar concentration.