NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The term “seed transmission” means the passage of the pathogen through seeds to seedlings and plants in the next generation. Hence, it is also known as vertical transmission (Figure 1) [6, 7, 8, 9]. Vertical transmission plays an important role in the spread and survival of viroids, as well as viruses.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sometimes, however, a virus will infect a germ cell, delivering its genetic material to a sperm or egg. When that happens, it’s possible for the virus’s genetic material to pass onto the offspring.

Detailed explanation-3: -HIV, toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpesviruses have been proven to transfer from mother to child via these routes. This is known as vertical transmission.

Detailed explanation-4: -The majority of plant viruses are transmitted from plant to plant by insect vectors, especially those that feed on living green plant parts. Fewer plant viruses are transmitted by other methods, such as seeds, vegetative propagation, saps, fungi, nematodes, and phanerogamic plant parasites.