NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Metagenomics refers to the application of sequencing techniques to analyse the totality of the genomic material present in a sample [1]. Currently, two main methods for studying microbial communities using high-throughput sequencing are used: marker gene studies and whole-genome shotgun (WGS) metagenomics.

Detailed explanation-2: -Broadly speaking, metagenomics, also known as community genomics, is the genetic analysis of microbial communities contained in natural living environments. From the perspective of microbiology, metagenomics studies microbes which cannot be cultured.

Detailed explanation-3: -One option is to use linear discriminant analysis of effect sizes (LEfSe), which is a widely used method developed specifically for microbiome data.

Detailed explanation-4: -In conclusion, metagenomics can not only identify the diversity of the human gut microbiome, but can also reveal new genes and microbial pathways, and uncover functional dysbiosis.