NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs).

Detailed explanation-2: -WHAT IS A BIOFILM? In the lower layers of a biofilm, microbes are bound together in a polysaccharide matrix with other organic and inorganic materials. Above it, is a loose amorphous layer extending into the surrounding medium. The fluid layer bordering the biofilm has stationary and dynamic sub layers.

Detailed explanation-3: -A glycocalyx is the glue that holds the biofilm fast to the colonized surface and is a complex of exopolysaccharides of bacterial origin and trapped exogenous substances found in the local environment, including nucleic acids, proteins, minerals, nutrients, cell wall material, etc. (17).

Detailed explanation-4: -Biofilms are held together by sugary molecular strands, collectively termed “extracellular polymeric substances” or “EPS.” The cells produce EPS and are held together by these strands, allowing them to develop complex three-dimensional, resilient, attached communities.

Detailed explanation-5: -Microscopic analyses and quantitative assays demonstrated that attachment structures such as fimbriae and pili are involved in the attachment of E. amylovora to surfaces and are necessary for the production of mature biofilms.