NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani secrete very potent neurotoxins, which are responsible for neurological disorders in humans and animals, botulism and tetanus, respectively.

Detailed explanation-2: -Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate, nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin.

Detailed explanation-3: -Many bacteria produce toxins, and in some cases, more than one toxin is produced by a given organism. Staphylococcus aureus strains, for example, are capable of secreting hemolysins, leukotoxins, exfoliative toxins, enterotoxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1).

Detailed explanation-4: -Botulism (“BOT-choo-liz-um”) is a rare but serious illness caused by a toxin that attacks the body’s nerves and causes difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis, and even death. This toxin is made by Clostridium botulinum and sometimes Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii bacteria.

Detailed explanation-5: -Neurotoxins are synthetic or naturally occurring substances that damage, destroy, or impair the functioning of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Neurotoxins may damage neurons, axons, and/or glia resulting in loss of specific nuclei and/or axonal tracts or demyelination.