BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE
HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
the reproductive rate of microbes is so swift it allows for natural selection for resistance at a rapid rate
|
|
|
global travel and trade allows for quick movement between continents and countries
|
|
|
the often unnecessary use and overuse of antibiotics
|
|
|
the decrease in availability of clean drinking water
|
|
|
the use of antibiotics prophylactically in cattle feed.
|
Detailed explanation-1: -Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are the main drivers in the development of drug-resistant pathogens. Lack of clean water and sanitation and inadequate infection prevention and control promotes the spread of microbes, some of which can be resistant to antimicrobial treatment.
Detailed explanation-2: -Antibiotic resistance is accelerated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, as well as poor infection prevention and control.
Detailed explanation-3: -Examples include: meropenem, ertapenem, and imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin). Carbapenems are noted for their ability to inhibit extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes and are usually reserved for the most serious infections or used as a last-line treatment when other antibiotics fail.
Detailed explanation-4: -Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms fall into four main categories: (1) limiting uptake of a drug; (2) modifying a drug target; (3) inactivating a drug; (4) active drug efflux.