NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The word “toxicity” describes the degree to which a substance is poisonous or can cause injury. The toxicity depends on a variety of factors: dose, duration and route of exposure (see Module Two), shape and structure of the chemical itself, and individual human factors.

Detailed explanation-2: -Toxicity is the capacity of a chemical to harm or injure a living organism. Toxicity entails the dimension of quantity or dose; the toxicity of a chemical depends on the quantity necessary to impact health.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chemical safety in the laboratory Numerical measures of toxicity such as LD50 and LC50 are provided. LD50 is the lethal dose in which 50% of the tested population died; LC50 is the lethal concentration (used for vapors) in which 50% of the tested population died.

Detailed explanation-4: -About 35 years ago, however, T.A. Loomis divided the science of toxicology into three major subdivisions: environmental, economic, and forensic. These subdivisions were in large part based on how humans would come in contact with potentially harmful chemicals.

Detailed explanation-5: -In general, the smaller the LD50 value, the more toxic the chemical is. The opposite is also true: the larger the LD50 value, the lower the toxicity. The LD50 gives a measure of the immediate or acute toxicity of a chemical in the strain, sex, and age group of a particular animal species being tested.