BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE
HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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during transcription
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when bacterial population density is low
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within the microbiome
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within biofilms
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Detailed explanation-1: -Biofilm helps bacteria to evade the host defense mechanisms and persist longer in the host. Quorum-sensing (QS)-mediated cell signaling primarily regulates biofilm formation in chronic infections and plays a major role in eliciting virulence.
Detailed explanation-2: -Biofilm virulence factors underlie chronic infection. Bacteria often employ opposing molecular mechanisms to establish acute and chronic infections, thus requiring different strategies for treatment of acute and chronic (biofilm) infections.
Detailed explanation-3: -The degree of virulence is essentially influenced by the expression of the genes determining these factors. There is growing evidence that virulence genes are frequently regulated by trans-acting proteins which lead to the coordinate expression of several or even all of these genes.
Detailed explanation-4: -Because the icaA and icaD genes are regarded as necessary factors for intercellular adhesion, it could be assumed that these genes are only important for the formation of the bacterial multilayer in biofilm production. However, these genes are in fact associated with both slime and biofilm formation [15], [20].