NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is a measure of acute toxicity. Most users of a substance will want to know the toxicity of that substance. The information for an LD50 must include the substance, the route of entry and the animal species. For example, table salt has an oral LD50 of 3 gm/kg in rats.

Detailed explanation-2: -In general, the smaller the LD50 value, the more toxic the chemical is. The opposite is also true: the larger the LD50 value, the lower the toxicity. The LD50 gives a measure of the immediate or acute toxicity of a chemical in the strain, sex, and age group of a particular animal species being tested.

Detailed explanation-3: -The toxicity of a substance depends on three factors: its chemical structure, the extent to which the substance is absorbed by the body, and the body’s ability to detoxify the substance (change it into less toxic substances) and eliminate it from the body.

Detailed explanation-4: -Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.

Detailed explanation-5: -Measuring Cell Cytotoxicity While it can be measured in a number of different ways, assessing cell viability through the use of vital dyes (formazan dyes), protease biomarkers or by measuring ATP content are some of the most commonly used methods in determining cytotoxicity.