NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Heavy metals normally occur in nature and are essential to life but can become toxic through accumulation in organisms. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and mercury are the most common heavy metals which can pollute the environment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic and exposure to this metal is known to cause cancer and targets the body’s cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory systems.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lead and cadmium can damage the immune system in humans and animals [79]. These two toxic elements affect innate and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immune responses, and cytokine production [35]. Cadmium induces oxidative stress by generating ROS, through which it exerts its toxicity [42].

Detailed explanation-4: -Cadmium metal (Cd) is a silver-white solid, tinged with blue. Cadmium is found in cadmium fumes (CdO) and cadmium compounds. Workers may be harmed from exposure to cadmium. It is a highly toxic carcinogenic that is harmful to most of the body’s systems, especially to the lungs, bones, and kidneys.