NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In industry, microbes are used to synthesize a number of products valuable to human beings. Beverages and antibiotics are some examples. Production on an industrial scale, requires growing microbes in very large vessels called fermentors.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fermentors, also known as bioreactors, are sterilised and enclosed vessels that are used for the growth of microorganisms under optimal conditions. The microorganisms can be grown in large quantities to produce metabolites for commercial uses.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fermenters are containers used to grow bacteria and fungi in large amounts, eg Penicillium mould for producing penicillin (an antibiotic). Fermenters are usually made from a metal that will not corrode, such as stainless steel.

Detailed explanation-4: -Microbes in Household Production. Curd: Microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and others commonly called Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) grow in milk and convert it into curd. During growth, the Lactic acid bacteria produce acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins called casein.

Detailed explanation-5: -Microbes are present everywhere even under extreme conditions, where no other life-form could exist. They are diverse and include viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viroids, prions and other microscopic animals. They may be pathogenic but have an important role to play in human welfare.