NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The fragments are purified and combined. They have matching “sticky ends, ” or single-stranded DNA overhangs, so they can stick together. The enzyme DNA ligase joins the fragments with matching ends together to form a single, unbroken molecule of DNA. This produces a recombinant plasmid that contains the target gene.

Detailed explanation-2: -This is accomplished by the application of an enzyme called DNA ligase, which seals the two segments, forming a continuous and stable double helix.

Detailed explanation-3: -Today, we use restriction enzymes extensively for cutting DNA fragments that can then be pasted with another DNA molecule to form recombinant molecules. These enzymes are purified from various bacterial species and can be purchased commercially. They are named after the bacterium from which they were first isolated.

Detailed explanation-4: -A recombinant plasmid is a plasmid into which a foreign DNA fragment or gene has been inserted. Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that exist naturally in bacterial cells and in some eukaryotes such yeasts and plants. Recombinant plasmids replicate independently from the host’s chromosomal DNA.