NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Recombinant molecules enter living cells in a process called transformation. Usually, only a single recombinant molecule will enter any individual bacterial cell. Once inside, the recombinant DNA molecule replicates like any other plasmid DNA molecule, and many copies are subsequently produced.

Detailed explanation-2: -In transformation, the DNA (usually in the form of a plasmid) is introduced into a competent strain of bacteria, so that the bacteria may then replicate the sequence of interest in amounts suitable for further analysis and/or manipulation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transformation is the process of inducing the cells to take up the recombinant DNA. The cells that take up the DNA are called transformants, and the ones that do not take the recombinant DNA are called non-transformants. The transformed cells are differentiated from the non-transformed cells by selectable markers.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transformation is the process by which an organism acquires exogenous DNA. Transformation can occur in two ways: natural transformation and artificial transformation. Natural transformation describes the uptake and incorporation of naked DNA from the cell’s natural environment.

Detailed explanation-5: -Transformation is one mode of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria, wherein extracellular naked DNA is taken up by cells that have developed genetic competence. Sensitivity to DNase, which degrades naked DNA, is the key to distinguishing transformation from the DNase-resistant HGT mechanisms.